Karl Jaspers and the Axial Age of History
March 12th, 2008In the back of my mind I remembered that in his book “The Origin and Goal of History,” Karl Jaspers had written something relevant to our times. I thought he had spoken of civilization being at a second crossroads in history, but in fact he only hints at that possibility. After all, it is more than 40 years ago that I first read the book.
There are gems in this book. In Jaspers’ mind, human history begins when man becomes conscious of himself in a historical context, and the critical time of the Axial Age is the “spiritual process that occurred between 800 and 200 BC” when “man, as we know him today, came into being.”
He speaks of a possible goal of history as:
(1) “the civilisation and humanisation of man” a “legal world order”
(2) “liberty and the consciousness of liberty which is revealed only in process”
(3) “the noble man and the creation of the spirit, the production of culture in communal conditions, it is taken to be genius”
(4) “the manifestation of Being in man, the perception of being in its depths, that is, the manifestation of the Godhead”
Of course, when Jaspers uses the word “Being” he has a philosophical implication, but that is another story, and when he uses the word “Godhead” that would not mean in his mind what it means to Christians in general, but what it might mean to all spiritually inclined people. Indeed, his use of the words “spirit” and “spiritual” reflects his philosophical orientation and not how “religious” people might use the terms.
Further, he warns that “we find no historically localised revelation of absolute truth” and one might want to know that in defining Truth Jaspers has written a massive text on the subject.
Here is a beautiful passage:
“If in the future, however, faith is going to exist, communicate itself, and link men together, one thing is certain: We can do nothing to plan the future realities of faith. We can only be ready to receive it, and live in such a manner that this readiness increases. We cannot make our own transformation the goal of our wills; it must, rather, be bestowed upon us, if we live in such a fashion that we can experience the gift. With this, it seems proper to keep silent about the faith of the future.”
Karl Jaspers and his Jewish wife lived in Germany during the 2nd World War and commanded such respect that he could live (in isolation) and avoid extermination; however, when the American soldiers arrived in the area where they were living, they were just ahead of Hitler’s order for a last roundup of those Jews who had so far escaped the death camps. He had spent those years writing volumes, including “Die Shuldfrage” translated as “The Question of German Guilt” which perhaps Americans today might find value in.
A basic question for Jaspers is whether in the future there will be a totalitarian world government or a democratically oriented form of world government. I find his brilliant thoughts relevant to the 21st century.
Megha